On-vehicle air-conditioner for air-conditioning

ABSTRACT

An on-vehicle air conditioner for air conditioning, comprising a refrigerating circuit having a refrigerant outside heat exchanger installed so as to perform a heat exchange with outside air and usable for both cooling and heating, a coolant circuit having a coolant outside heat exchanger installed so as to perform a heat exchange with the outside air and allowing the coolant of an engine to circulate therein, and at least one opening/closing duct for inflow air regulation installed on the forward outside and/or rearward inside of the refrigerant outside heat exchanger, wherein the opening and closing of the duct can be controlled properly according to the situations, whereby cabin cooling, cabin heating, and defrosting can be performed efficiently and sufficiently even if, for example, CO2 refrigerant is used in the cars such as hybrid cars using electricity and gasoline as energy sources and idle stop-capable cars.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention concerns an on-vehicle air-conditioner forair-conditioning used for vehicles such as hybrid cars using electricityand gasoline as energy source, idle stop coping cars, or others.

BACKGROUND ART

[0002] Ordinary vehicles travel taking the power out of an internalcombustion engine using gasoline as fuel, and such vehicles have anon-board refrigeration circuit provided with a compressor driven by theinternal combustion engine, and the cooling is performed by evaporatingrefrigerant in an evaporator for performing the cooling, and cooling thecar interior air by the generated cold heat.

[0003] In addition, the heating is performed by heating the car interiorair by the heat of the cooling water for cooling the engine.

[0004] Nonetheless, as such vehicles take out the driving power throughcombustion of gasoline or others, the control or regulation of hazardousmaterials contained in the exhaust gas thereof comes to be desiredzealously.

[0005] Moreover, conventionally, as refrigerant for cooling andrefrigeration apparatus, for instance, chlorodifluoromethane (R22,boiling point 140.8° C.) or the like have been used. However, R22 of thelike become the object of the fluorine regulation because they destroythe ozone layer by their high latency of ozone destruction, when theyare released in the atmosphere and attain the ozone layer in the upperair of the Earth.

[0006] The destruction of this ozone layer is provoked by chlorine group(Cl) in the refrigerant. There, refrigerants not containing chlorinegroup, for example, alternative refrigerants such as difluoromethane(HFC-32, R32, boiling point −52° C.) or others have been proposed;however, they ended up by being included in gases to be regulated by The3rd Session of the Conference of the Parties to the United NationsFramework Convention on Climate Change, Kyoto, 1997, because GlobalWarming Potential (GWP) is 1300 to 1900, and their use comes to bedifficult.

[0007] In such a trend of attaching importance to the environment,hydrocarbon system refrigerants such as propane, butane, i-butane,pentane, i-pentane, and natural refrigerants such as CO₂ or othersexisting in the natural world and imposing less load to the environmentattract attention, because they are free from ozone layer destructioneffect, combustibility or toxicity and, furthermore, they are extremelyfriendly to the environment as their global warming potential (GWP) is1, and in addition, they are economical.

[0008] There, it has been proposed to use CO₂ as refrigerant for hybridcars and idle stop coping cars taking electricity and gasoline as energysource, or other vehicles, perform the cooling by loading arefrigeration circuit provided with compressor driven by electricity,and perform the heating, on the other hand, by the heat of the chilledwater for cooling the engine.

[0009]FIG. 6 shows the composition of an on-vehicle air-conditioner forair-conditioning of the prior art, having a refrigeration circuit 10, acooling water circuit 20 and a damper apparatus 30 for controlling theflow of the car interior air as necessary components.

[0010] The cooling water circuit 20 has a cooling water car exteriorheat exchanger 21 designated as what is called radiator where thecooling water circulates in order to cool a not shown engine like asinternal combustion engine, a cooling water car interior heat exchanger22 installed at the car interior side for exchanging heat between thecar interior air and the cooling water, a pump 23 for circulatingcooling water among them, or others.

[0011] The refrigeration circuit 10 is provided with a compressor 11driven by an electric motor disposed in a not shown closed vessel, a gascooler (sometimes designated as refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger)12 for cooling the refrigerant compressed to a high pressure by thecompressor 11, an expansion valve 13 for expanding the cooledrefrigerant, an evaporator 14 for generating cold heat by vaporizing therefrigerant, a four-way valve 15 for flowing the refrigerant in thedirection shown by the continuous line in the drawing or, in thedirection shown by the broken line, through switching-over.

[0012] In case of cooling by means of the refrigeration circuit 10, thefour-way valve 15 is set to circulate the refrigerant as shown by thecontinuous line arrow. In this case, the refrigerant sucked by thecompressor 11 is compressed to a high pressure, and the refrigerantcompressed to the high pressure is cooled by the gas cooler 12(refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger), the cooled refrigerant isvaporized by the evaporator 14 via the expansion valve 13 for generatingcold heat, and thereafter, sucked again by the compressor 11 via thefour-way valve 15. The car interior air is delivered to the evaporator14 by a not shown fan, whereby, the refrigerant exchanges heat with thecar interior air, evaporates and returns to the compressor 11. As theheat during the evaporation of the refrigerant is afforded from the carinterior air, the temperature of the car interior air lowers as much,cooling the car interior.

[0013] It should be appreciated that, at this time, if the car interiorair that has exchanged heat with the evaporator 14 is sent to thecooling water car interior heat exchanger 22, the temperature of the carinterior air once cooled elevates, therefore, a damper apparatus 30moves to the position shown by the continuous line in order to preventthe car interior air from being sent to the cooling water car interiorheat exchanger 22.

[0014] On the other hand, during the heating operation, the four-wayvalve 15 is set to circulate the refrigerant as shown by the broken linearrow. In this case, the refrigerant sucked by the compressor 11 iscompressed to a high pressure, and the refrigerant compressed to thehigh pressure is sent to the evaporator 14 via the four-way valve 15,the refrigerant is cooled using this evaporator 14 as gas cooler, thecooled refrigerant is sent to the gas cooler 12 via the expansion valve13, the refrigerant is vaporized using this gas cooler 12 as evaporator(refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger) for generating cold heat, andthereafter, sucked again by the compressor 11 via the four-way valve 15.The car interior air is sent to the evaporator 14 used as gas cooler bya not shown fan, whereby, the refrigerant exchanges heat with the carinterior air to cool. As the heat during the refrigeration of therefrigerant is afforded to the car interior air, the temperature of thecar interior air elevates as much, and the car interior will be heated.On the other hand, the pump 23 is driven at the same time as the vehicleis driven, the cooling water circulates, and the heating by the coolingwater circuit 20 is performed simultaneously.

[0015] By setting the damper apparatus 30 at the dot line position, thecar interior air is sent by a not shown fan and heated by the evaporator14 used as gas cooler, the heated car interior air is sent to thecooling water car interior heat exchanger 22 and heated again forperforming the heating. Nonetheless, when the refrigeration circuit isused for heating during the travel, in winter or others, of a vehiclehaving on board such on-vehicle air-conditioner for air-conditioning,frosting occurs on the refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger 12, andthe performance of the refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger 12deteriorates. Therefore, defrosting operation is performed; however,there was a problem that the defrosting can not be realized easily,because a low temperature air flows into the refrigerant car exteriorheat exchanger.

[0016] In addition, when the refrigeration circuit is used for coolingduring a summer high temperature traffic congestion or others, in avehicle having on board such on-vehicle air-conditioner forair-conditioning, there was a problem that the cooling efficiency of therefrigerant car exterior heat exchanger 12 deteriorates due to theradiation heat of drivers such as engine, motor or others and the flowof hot air from one's vehicle, the exhaust heat or others of vehiclestraveling ahead, the refrigerant ends up being cooled insufficiently,and the car interior cooling becomes unsatisfactorily.

[0017] Also, when the refrigeration circuit is used for cooling duringsummer or others, in a vehicle having on board such on-vehicleair-conditioner for air-conditioning, there was a problem that thecooling efficiency of the refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger 12deteriorates and the refrigerant ends up being cooled insufficiently, ifthe refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger 12 is exposed to directsunlight, and the car interior cooling becomes unsatisfactorily.

[0018] It is an object of the present invention to provide an on-vehicleair-conditioner for air-conditioning that can solve problems of theprior art, and perform effectively cooling, heating, defrosting orothers, even in case of using for example CO₂ refrigerant, in vehiclessuch as hybrid cars taking electricity and gasoline as energy source,idle stop coping cars or others.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

[0019] The Inventors have studies diligently to solve problems of theprior art, found that the defrosting can be realized by installing atleast one opening and closing duct for regulating the air inflow rate infront of or behind the refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger 12 andcontrolling conveniently the opening/closing thereof according to thesituation, in short by preventing cold air from flowing in therefrigerant car exterior heat exchanger 12, the car interior can becooled sufficiently by preventing hot air from flowing so much in therefrigerant car exterior heat exchanger 12 during a summer hot trafficcongestion or the like and at the same time by blocking off theradiation heat of drivers such as engine, motor or others and the flowof hot air from one's vehicle, the exhaust heat of vehicles travelingahead, or others, and the car interior can be cooled sufficiently bypreventing the refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger 12 from beingexposed to direct sunshine, and thereby came to realize the presentinvention.

[0020] In short, the on-vehicle air-conditioner for air-conditioning ofclaim 1 of the present invention is an on-vehicle air-conditioner forair-conditioning comprising:

[0021] a refrigeration circuit provided with a refrigerant car exteriorheat exchanger installed for exchanging heat with the car exterior airthat can be used for cooling and for heating, and at least one openingand closing duct for air inflow rate regulation installed in front ofand/or behind the refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger.

[0022] The on-vehicle air-conditioner for air-conditioning of claim 2 ofthe present invention, is the on-vehicle air-conditioner forair-conditioning of claim 1, wherein at least one of the ducts installedin front of and/or behind the refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger iscontrolled to close, for defrosting the frost deposited on therefrigerant car exterior heat exchanger by using the refrigerationcircuit for heating during the travel in winter or others.

[0023] The on-vehicle air-conditioner for air-conditioning of claim 3 ofthe present invention, is the on-vehicle air-conditioner forair-conditioning of claim 2, wherein at least one of the ducts installedin front of and/or behind the refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger iscontrolled to close, and the air used for cooling the engine, motor ormotor driving circuit and increased in temperature is sent by loweringthe speed of rotations through the reverse rotation of the fan so as topass through the refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger, for defrostingthe frost deposited on the refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger byusing the refrigeration circuit for heating during the travel in winteror others.

[0024] The on-vehicle air-conditioner for air-conditioning of claim 4 ofthe present invention, is the on-vehicle air-conditioner forair-conditioning of claim 2, wherein at least one of the ducts installedin front of and/or behind the refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger iscontrolled to close, and the fan is stopped, for defrosting the frostdeposited on the refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger by using therefrigeration circuit for heating during the travel in winter or others.

[0025] The on-vehicle air-conditioner for air-conditioning of claim 5 ofthe present invention, is the on-vehicle air-conditioner forair-conditioning of claim 1, wherein at least one of the ducts installedin front of and/or behind the refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger iscontrolled to half-open, during the use of the refrigeration circuit forcooling during a summer hot traffic congestion or others.

[0026] The on-vehicle air-conditioner for air-conditioning of claim 6 ofthe present invention, is the on-vehicle air-conditioner forair-conditioning of claim 1, wherein at least one of the ducts installedin front of and/or behind the refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger iscontrolled to half-open, in case where the direct sunshine affectsadversely the heat exchange of the refrigerant car exterior heatexchanger, during the use of the refrigeration circuit for cooling.

[0027] The on-vehicle air-conditioner for air-conditioning of claim 7 ofthe present invention, is the on-vehicle air-conditioner forair-conditioning of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the refrigerant isCO₂.

[0028] The on-vehicle air-conditioner for air-conditioning of claim 8 ofthe present invention, is the on-vehicle air-conditioner forair-conditioning of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the refrigerant is ahydrocarbon system refrigerant.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029]FIG. 1 is an illustrative drawing for schematically describing 1embodiment of a vehicle having on board an on-vehicle air-conditionerfor air-conditioning of the present invention;

[0030]FIG. 2 is an illustrative drawing for schematically describing ashape example and a use example of an opening and closing duct for airinflow rate regulation used in the present invention;

[0031]FIG. 3 is an illustrative drawing for schematically describinganother use example of the opening and closing duct for air inflow rateregulation used in the present invention shown in FIG. 2;

[0032]FIG. 4 is an illustrative drawing for schematically describinganother use example of the opening and closing duct for air inflow rateregulation used in the present invention shown in FIG. 2;

[0033]FIG. 5 is an illustrative drawing for schematically describinganother use example of the opening and closing duct for air inflow rateregulation used in the present invention shown in FIG. 2; and

[0034]FIG. 6 is an illustrative drawing showing the composition of anon-vehicle air-conditioner of the prior art.

[0035]10 indicates a refrigeration circuit, 11 a compressor, 12 a gascooler (refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger), 13 an expansion valve,14 an evaporator, 15 a four-way valve, 20 a refrigeration circuit, 21 acooling water car exterior heat exchanger, 22 a cooling water carinterior heat exchanger, 23 a pump, 30 a damper apparatus, 40 a vehicle,41 25 an engine, 42 a fan, 43 a first opening and closing duct for airinflow rate regulation, 44 a second opening and closing duct for airinflow rate regulation, 45 a base material, 46 a movable lover, 47 atake-up machine, and 48 a wire for opening regulation.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0036] Now, embodiments of the present invention are described in detailusing drawings.

[0037]FIG. 1 is an illustrative drawing for schematically describing 1embodiment of a vehicle having on board an on-vehicle air-conditionerfor air-conditioning of the present invention.

[0038] FIGS. 2 to 5 are illustrative drawings for schematicallydescribing shape examples and use examples of an opening and closingduct for air inflow rate regulation used in the present invention.

[0039] In FIG. 1, 40 represent a vehicle having on board an on-vehicleair-conditioner for air-conditioning of the present invention, 41 anengine and 42 a fan or others. And a refrigerant car exterior heatexchanger 12 provided in the on-vehicle air-conditioner forair-conditioning of the present invention is installed in front of thevehicle 40, and a cooling water car exterior heat exchanger 21designated as so-called radiator where the cooling water circulates inorder to cool the engine 41 is installed behind the same. In addition, afirst opening and closing duct for air inflow rate regulation 43 isfitted in front of and adjacent to the refrigerant car exterior heatexchanger 12, and a second opening and closing duct for air inflow rateregulation 44 is fitted behind and adjacent to the refrigerant carexterior heat exchanger 12.

[0040] In the present invention, as this example, the first opening andclosing duct for air inflow rate regulation 43 and the second openingand closing duct for air inflow rate regulation 44 may be fitted;however, the first opening and closing duct for air inflow rateregulation 43 may be alone, the second opening and closing duct for airinflow rate regulation 44 may be alone, and they be convenientlyselected and fitted.

[0041] The opening and closing duct for air inflow rate regulation 43(opening and closing duct for air inflow rate regulation 44 may also beof the same composition as 43) comprises a base material 45, a number ofmovable lovers 46 mounted on the base metal 45, a take-up machine 47disposed at one end of the base metal 45, a wire for opening regulation48 linked to the take-up machine 47, or others and the air inflow ratecan be adjusted through the rotation of the movable lovers 46 by windingup the wire for opening regulation 48 or, on the contrary, by unwindingthe wire for opening regulation 48, through the automatic or manualoperation of the take-up machine.

[0042] Material and shape of the base material 45 or movable lover 46,or the moving method of the movable lover 46 are not specifiedparticularly.

[0043] As material of the base material 45 or movable lover 46, not onlymetals such as aluminum, but also, for example, engineering plasticmaterials presenting light weight, good strength, heat resistance, heatinsulation or others can be used advantageously.

[0044] As shown in FIG. 2, normally, it is preferable to compose toincrease the air inflow rate by positioning the movable lover 46 of theopening and closing duct for air inflow rate regulation 43 and openingand closing duct for air inflow rate regulation 44 approximately atright angles to the base material 45.

[0045] Then, frosting may sometimes happen on the refrigerant carexterior heat exchanger 12, when the refrigeration circuit is used forheating during the travel of the vehicle 40 in winter or others. There,the air inflow rate is reduced by positioning the movable lover 46 ofthe first opening and closing duct for air inflow rate regulation 43 inthe full-open state, as shown in FIG. 3, in order to prevent a quantityof cold air from entering the refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger 12during the travel.

[0046] By composing in such a way, the refrigerant car exterior heatexchanger 12 can be defrosted easily, as the cold air does not enterthere, and there will be no problem of performance deterioration of therefrigerant car exterior heat exchanger 12.

[0047] Though not shown, the second opening and closing duct for airinflow rate regulation 44 is not particularly specified, it ispreferable to let the movable lover 46 for example in full-close,half-open or full-open state.

[0048] Next, other methods for defrosting the frost deposited on therefrigerant car exterior heat exchanger 12 as mentioned above.

[0049] In case of defrosting the frost deposited on the refrigerant carexterior heat exchanger 12, the movable lover 46 of the first openingand closing duct for air inflow rate regulation 43 is controlled toclose and, at the same time, the movable lover 46 of the second openingand closing duct for air inflow rate regulation 44 is positioned to in afull-open state, and the speed of rotations of is reduced by rotatingthe fan 42 in the reverse direction so as to send the air used forcooling the engine 41 and increased in temperature to pass through therefrigerant car exterior heat exchanger 12.

[0050] Though not shown, in case of hybrid cars taking electricity andgasoline as energy source, idle stop coping cars or others, the air usedfor cooling a driving motor or a motor driving circuit and increased intemperature is sent to pass through the refrigerant car exterior heatexchanger 12.

[0051] By composing in such a way, the air increased in temperaturemakes the defrosting easier, and there will be no problem of performancedeterioration of the refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger 12. Next,other methods for defrosting the frost deposited on the refrigerant carexterior heat exchanger 12 shall be described.

[0052] In case of defrosting the frost deposited on the refrigerant carexterior heat exchanger 12, the movable lover 46 of the first openingand closing duct for air inflow rate regulation 43 is controlled toclose and the fan 42 is stopped. As for the movable lover 46 of thesecond opening and closing duct for air inflow rate regulation 44, it isnot particularly specified, and is positioned for example in thefull-close, half-open or full-open state.

[0053] By composing in such a way, the refrigerant car exterior heatexchanger 12 can be defrosted easily, as the cold air does not enterthere, and there will be no problem of performance deterioration of therefrigerant car exterior heat exchanger 12.

[0054] Besides, in case of driving a vehicle 40 in a summer hot trafficcongestion time or others by using the refrigeration circuit forcooling, as shown in FIG. 4, the movable lover 46 of the first openingand closing duct for air inflow rate regulation 43 is positioned to thehalf-open state for setting the air inflow rate to the medium level. Bysetting the air inflow rate to the medium level, the deterioration ofcooling capacity of the refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger 12 canbe controlled, prevented by deterring the air heated to a hightemperature by the heat from the road surface in asphalt or concrete orthe exhaust heat from vehicle traveling ahead from flowing in therefrigerant car exterior heat exchanger 12. The deterioration ofrefrigeration efficiency of the refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger12 can be controlled, prevented by blocking most of radiation heat fromthe engine 41 (or from a driver such as a not shown motor) bypositioning also the movable lover 46 of the second opening and closingduct for air inflow rate regulation 44 to the half-open state.

[0055] Also, when the vehicle 40 is traveling using the refrigerationcircuit for cooling during a summer high temperature time or the like,if the refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger 12 is exposed to anintense direct sunshine and heated and exerts adversely on the heatexchange, as shown in FIG. 5, the influence of sunshine can be reducedby positioning the movable lover 46 of the first opening and closingduct for air inflow rate regulation 43 approximately to the half-openstate.

[0056] Furthermore, the deterioration of refrigeration efficiency of therefrigerant car exterior heat exchanger 12 can be controlled, preventedby blocking most of radiation heat from the engine 41 by positioningalso the movable lover 46 of the second opening and closing duct for airinflow rate regulation 44 to the half-open state, for example.

[0057] Especially, in case of using CO₂ as refrigerant, the car interiorsometimes cannot be cooled sufficiently, if the deterioration ofrefrigeration efficiency of the refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger12 due to the heat from the road surface in asphalt or concrete or theexhaust heat from vehicle traveling ahead, radiation heat from anengine, or intense sunshine increases the refrigerant temperature andlowers the refrigerating capacity; however, the use of the on-vehicleair-conditioner for air-conditioning permits to assure a satisfactorycooling of the car interior even in case of using CO₂ as refrigerant.

[0058] It should be appreciated that the description of theaforementioned embodiments is only illustrative of the present inventionand does not intended to limit the invention described in what isclaimed, nor reduce the scope. Moreover, the composition of respectiveparts of the present invention in not limited to the aforementionedembodiments, but can be modified variously without departing from thetechnical scoped described in the claims.

[0059] The on-vehicle air-conditioner for air-conditioning of claim 1 ofthe present invention is an on-vehicle air-conditioner forair-conditioning comprising a refrigeration circuit provided with arefrigerant car exterior heat exchanger installed for exchanging heatwith the car exterior air that can be used for cooling and for heating,and at least one opening and closing duct for air inflow rate regulationinstalled in front of and/or behind the refrigerant car exterior heatexchanger, problems of the prior art can be resolved, cooling, having aremarkable effect of heating, defrosting or others can be performedeffectively, even in case of using for example CO₂ refrigerant orhydrocarbon refrigerant, in vehicles such as hybrid cars takingelectricity and gasoline as energy source, idle stop coping cars orothers, by controlling conveniently the opening/closing of its openingand closing duct for air inflow rate regulation according to thesituation.

[0060] The on-vehicle air-conditioner for air-conditioning of claim 2 ofthe present invention, is the on-vehicle air-conditioner forair-conditioning, wherein at least one of the ducts installed in frontof and/or behind the refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger iscontrolled to close, for defrosting the frost deposited on therefrigerant car exterior heat exchanger by using the refrigerationcircuit for heating during the travel in winter or others, havingthereby a remarkable effect of deferring cold air from flowing in therefrigerant car exterior heat exchanger during the defrosting andallowing to defrost easily.

[0061] The on-vehicle air-conditioner for air-conditioning of claim 3 ofthe present invention, is the on-vehicle air-conditioner forair-conditioning, wherein at least one of the ducts installed in frontof and/or behind the refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger iscontrolled to close, and the air used for cooling the engine, motor ormotor driving circuit and increased in temperature is sent by loweringthe speed of rotations through the reverse rotation of the fan so as topass through the refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger, for defrostingthe frost deposited on the refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger byusing the refrigeration circuit for heating during the travel in winteror others, having thereby a remarkable effect of allowing to defrostmore easily.

[0062] The on-vehicle air-conditioner for air-conditioning of claim 4 ofthe present invention, is the on-vehicle air-conditioner forair-conditioning, wherein at least one of the ducts installed in frontof and/or behind the refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger iscontrolled to close, and the the fan is stopped, for defrosting thefrost deposited on the refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger by usingthe refrigeration circuit for heating during the travel in winter orothers, having thereby a remarkable effect of deferring cold air fromflowing in the refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger during thedefrosting and allowing to defrost easily.

[0063] The on-vehicle air-conditioner for air-conditioning of claim 5 ofthe present invention, is the on-vehicle air-conditioner forair-conditioning, wherein at least one of the ducts installed in frontof and/or behind the refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger iscontrolled to half-open, during the use of the refrigeration circuit forcooling heating during a summer hot traffic congestion or others, havingthereby a remarkable effect of preventing hot air from flowing so muchin the refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger, blocking off theradiation heat of drivers such as engine, motor or others and allowingto cool the car interior sufficiently by controlling, preventing adverseeffects by the engine radiation heat, exhaust heat of vehicles travelingahead, or others.

[0064] The on-vehicle air-conditioner for air-conditioning of claim 6 ofthe present invention, is the on-vehicle air-conditioner forair-conditioning, wherein at least one of the ducts installed in frontof and/or behind the refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger iscontrolled to half-open, in case where the direct sunshine affectsadversely the heat exchange of the refrigerant car exterior heatexchanger, during the use of the refrigeration circuit for cooling,having thereby a remarkable effect of reducing the effect of directsunshine, blocking off the radiation heat of drivers such as engine,motor or others and allowing to cool the car interior sufficiently.

[0065] The on-vehicle air-conditioner for air-conditioning of claim 7 ofthe present invention, is the on-vehicle air-conditioner forair-conditioning, wherein the refrigerant is CO₂, having therebyremarkable effects of low load to the environment, absence of ozonelayer destruction effect, combustibility or toxicity and, beingextremely friendly to the environment as its global warming potential(GWP) is 1, and in addition, being economical. Further, it has aremarkable effect of controlling the elevation of the refrigeranttemperature and assuring a satisfactory cooling of the car interior evenwhen the refrigeration circuit is used for cooling during a summer hottime or others.

[0066] The on-vehicle air-conditioner for air-conditioning of claim 8 ofthe present invention, is the on-vehicle air-conditioner forair-conditioning, wherein the refrigerant is a hydrocarbon systemrefrigerant, having thereby remarkable effects of low load to theenvironment, absence of ozone layer destruction effect, combustibilityor toxicity and, being extremely friendly to the environment as itsglobal warming potemtial (GWP) is 1, and in addition, being economical.Further, it has a remarkable effect of controlling the elevation of therefrigerant temperature and assuring a satisfactory cooling of the carinterior even when the refrigeration circuit is used for cooling duringa summer hot time or others.

Industrial Applicability

[0067] The industrial use value of the on-vehicle air-conditioner forair-conditioning of the present invention, comprising a refrigerationcircuit provided with a refrigerant car exterior heat exchangerinstalled for exchanging heat with the car exterior air that can be usedfor cooling and for heating, and at least one opening and closing ductfor air inflow rate regulation installed in front of and/or behind therefrigerant car exterior heat exchanger, is considerably important,because problems of the prior art can be resolved, cooling, heating,defrosting or others can be performed effectively, even in case of usingfor example CO₂ refrigerant or hydrocarbon refrigerant, in vehicles suchas hybrid cars taking electricity and gasoline as energy source, idlestop coping cars or others, by controlling conveniently theopening/closing of its opening and closing duct for air inflow rateregulation according to the situation.

1. An on-vehicle air-conditioner for air-conditioning comprising: arefrigeration circuit provided with a refrigerant car exterior heatexchanger installed for exchanging heat with the car exterior air thatcan be used for cooling and for heating, and at least one opening andclosing duct for air inflow rate regulation installed in front of and/orbehind said refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger.
 2. The on-vehicleair-conditioner for air-conditioning of claim 1, wherein at least one ofsaid ducts installed in front of and/or behind said refrigerant carexterior heat exchanger is controlled to close, for defrosting the frostdeposited on said refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger by using therefrigeration circuit for heating during the travel in winter or others.3. The on-vehicle air-conditioner for air-conditioning of claim 2,wherein at least one of said ducts installed in front of and/or behindsaid refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger is controlled to close, andthe air used for cooling an engine, a motor or a motor driving circuitand increased in temperature is sent by lowering the speed of rotationsthrough the reverse rotation of a fan so as to pass through saidrefrigerant car exterior heat exchanger, for defrosting the frostdeposited on said refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger by using therefrigeration circuit for heating during the travel in winter or others.4. The on-vehicle air-conditioner for air-conditioning of claim 2,wherein at least one of said ducts installed in front of and/or behindsaid refrigerant car exterior heat exchanger is controlled to close, andthe said fan is stopped, for defrosting the frost deposited on saidrefrigerant car exterior heat exchanger by using the refrigerationcircuit for heating during the travel in winter or others.
 5. Theon-vehicle air-conditioner for air-conditioning of claim 1, wherein atleast one of said ducts installed in front of and/or behind saidrefrigerant car exterior heat exchanger is controlled to half-open,during the use of the refrigeration circuit for cooling during a summerhot traffic congestion or others.
 6. The on-vehicle air-conditioner forair-conditioning of claim 1 wherein at least one of said ducts installedin front of and/or behind said refrigerant car exterior heat exchangeris controlled to half-open, in case where the direct sunshine affectsadversely the heat exchange of said refrigerant car exterior heatexchanger, during the use of the refrigeration circuit for cooling. 7.The on-vehicle air-conditioner for air-conditioning of any of claims 1to 6, wherein the refrigerant is CO₂.
 8. The on-vehicle air-conditionerfor air-conditioning of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the refrigerant isa hydrocarbon system refrigerant.